(Vol. 2, No. 1 - Winter 1998)


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Escaping the prison of time


by Marilyn Willis Crawford

Fresh-faced JCPS middle schoolers scurry from class to class, sharing last-minute secrets with friends before they slide quickly into class with seconds to spare. Jefferson County middle school staff members, on the other hand, are fresh out of time. Like the Velveteen Rabbit, they're becoming a bit frayed around the edges as they struggle through their long and important journey to make middle schools work for all kids.

"Time is the main thing," says math teacher John DeBoe of Carrithers Middle School, as he works to move his school out of "decline" status. DeBoe needs time to learn new teaching techniques through intensive professional development. Time to share what he is learning with colleagues back at his school. Time to create engaging lessons for his students and to devise better ways to measure their progress.

Time to collect the resources students need to learn in new ways. And time-lots and lots of time-to scrutinize the work that students produce, peeling back the layers to discover just how well they're learning and he's teaching.

Educators feel overwhelmed as they face their daily rush to survive. Teach 100 kids every day? 150 kids? Score page after page of written work and give good feedback? Prepare for six, seven classes? And change the way you teach at the same time? No way.

Volume is the enemy. Crushing workloads bury the vision of high standards for all, and standards-rich, student-centered teaching fades not-so-gently into the night.

Struggling to find solutions to time's mysteries, schools soon discover many factors beyond their control. Adding several minutes to each day in order to "bank" time so staff can have professional development requires district level coordination, agreement among schools, and-worst of all-changes in the bus and cafeteria schedule.

Adding faculty and increasing school budgets are often out of reach. So how can schools find time to change? There's no magic wand handy, but there is hope. Schools have untapped potential to create time within existing resources. After all, KERA says that schools (through school councils)-not districts-should control how time is used during the school day, how classes and schedules are designed, how students and teachers are assigned.

Schools must begin by taking control of their own destiny. The basic idea? Less is more. Personalize the learning environment by reducing the high volume, never-changing treadmill.
Design ways to reduce the total number of students that teachers see each day, learn new ways to reduce the paperwork volume, and find new strategies to make better use of preparation time.
Be flexible. Create different kinds of schedules, depending on what makes sense for various kinds of learning activities. By thinking differently about school organization, educators can eliminate the assembly line mentality that drives each day and focus in-depth on teaching and learning.

Here are a few ideas to start middle schools on their way:

== Create two-person, interdisciplinary teaching teams. Let these teachers work with 60 students each day instead of 100 to 150 students. Teaching fewer students per day allows staff to personalize and intensify instruction.

== If you have four-teacher teams, you can still cut volume and personalize core instruction. Students don't have to "take" every subject every day. Let half of the students focus full attention on math and science while others learn language arts and social studies. Then switch-after one day, after several days, or after a week or more, depending on the learning activity. Use this method to cut daily scoring time and to stretch lesson plans and materials for twice as long with much less than twice the effort.

== Design interdisciplinary block schedules, similar to high school blocks, rather than moving students from class to class for six, seven, or eight periods a day. Integrate the variety of content into core courses, rather than teaching every subject in separate bits. Every time students move, you lose learning time. Furthermore, teachers' preparation time increases as the number of separate courses they teach increases.

== Use the state-released test items and rubrics as prompts for student work, rather than focusing all your attention on creating new tasks. Shift most of your initial time and attention to helping students improve their work until it meets standards. Use tools that are already available, as you learn to develop strong, juried performance tasks that can be shared districtwide.

== Develop re-usable rubrics, using the KIRIS writing portfolio rubric as a starting place. By developing good, focused rubrics for each standard using a common format, teachers can avoid duplicating effort as they work in teams to create a powerful, standards-driven tool that can be used again and again.

The ideas are limitless. Develop schoolwide resources that all teachers access rather than having each teacher driving around the community collecting materials for units of study. Put computers on rolling carts so you can create instant libraries in your classrooms. Harness the power in little things, and make big gains in learning.

Time management is a puzzle, a "math portfolio assignment" ripe with possibilities for adult creativity and problem-solving. Take charge and and make time so that everyone-kids, adults, and schools-can achieve at high levels.


Marilyn Willis Crawford is a former principal of Calloway County Middle School in Murray, KY and co-author (with Ruth Mitchell) of "Learning in Overdrive: Designing Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment from Standards." She is currently a doctoral student at Vanderbilt's Peabody College.