Homework


A MiddleWeb Listserv conversation

Also see:

Poor and Incomplete Work

How Much Reading for Homework?

I'm involved in a conversation about homework on another list and thought it might be of interest here too. What's your philosophy about homework? What's your homework reality? Do you assign it regularly? Do you get what you expect from your students?

How much parental support do your assignments require? What home supplies or equipment do you assume are in place to support your students?

Does your school have a homework policy? Does your school hold workshops to help parents help their kids with assignments? I'd really like to know what other teachers are doing and why they're doing it.

Deb Bambino
Philadelphia

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My classes use homework as a self-assessment. When all students are participating in the same assignment, students are allowed to conference with peers and edit their work (showing before & after answers). Students receive daily points for homework and all are expected to have it. Many days throughout the year, students choose their own assessment. I give students several activities that require the use of the concept of the day (or week) and they choose one or two activities that will allow them to successfully show that the concept has been mastered. Using activities like these allows students to demonstrate their knowledge while using their preferred learning style.

Greta Heady
Louisville

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Homework is necessasary, but it should be meaningful. Students need to practice and apply the concepts they learn in class. However, it should be limited. Children should not be spending 2-3 hours every night doing homework. Now is the time when they should be playing with friends, participating in clubs, playing sports, getting involved with church, and finding a hobby. All of these things are important. When homework overtakes all the other stuff, students become stressed.

Sometimes, it seems, we expect kids to act as adults. We expect them to act responsibly, be organized, and make good decisions. These are skills that need to be taught, along with social studies, science, math, and language arts. If you feel stressed with all that you have to teach, imagine how these children feel with all they have to learn!

Robyn LaFollette
Louisville

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There is a happy medium with balancing homework and a social life. Students do need some quality, directly connected to the work done in class, assignments at home. This may be a check for understanding, preparation for the next day's activities, or student self-selected projects that allow them to delve further into topics that interest them.

Homework SHOULD NOT be used as busywork! However, students need to gain an understanding of responsibility away from the classroom, so there should be some work each evening.

Rick Selby
San Diego

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Folks... there was an interesting story about homework in the Baltimore Sun recently.

10-3-00 Baltimore Sun "Headache Over Homework" [Better -- not more -- homework is issue, says Joyce Epstein.]

A quote from the story:

"Before we talk about having more homework, we need to talk about better homework," says Joyce L. Epstein, director of the Center on School, Family and Community Partnerships at the Johns Hopkins University. "Teachers should put as much care into the homework as they do the classroom, rather than tacking it on as an afterthought."

John Norton

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I read the newspaper article entitled "Headache Over Homework" with great interest. I have a lot of misgivings about that article. First, middle school students are very different from elementary students...they tend to have even more going on after school then younger children. They are into earning money after school...babysitting and odd jobs, and they are also playing a a lot of different kinds of sports (track, football, weightlifting, wrestling and so on.) They are also doing report writing and essay writing to a greater extent than elementary students.

Second, while the study at John Hopkins University may have some validity...we in the trenches know the "real" story. Students often go home to dysfunctional families, or empty houses, or homes where "academics" are deemed unimportant. Many of the parents who want to help, often find that they can't help due to their own educations.

I, for one, do not assign homework other than studying for tests, completing assignments not finished in class, interviewing family members to complete autobiographies (which includes letter writing to older relatives to get the needed information and possibly visits and phone calls) and research projects which entail additional outside classroom reading and visits to the public library. Students also need to read novels for language classes as there is not enough instructional minutes in the day to devote to this.

The article indicated that homework assignments should be planned as carefully as the classroom assignment. In this case, I believe they are, since they are a direct extension of what goes on in the classroom. To be fair.

I must add that I teach language arts and social studies so what I do for homework might not be feasible for a math class where practice in a skill is necessary.

Linde Crawford

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Deborah Bambino wrote: "I'm involved in a conversation about homework on another list and thought it might be of interest here too. What's your philosophy about homework?"

Well Deb..I have been lurking on the other conversation. I just read the comments against traditional homework and they do speak fairly loudly when I think about them.

I think there is a place for homework as long as it is not busy work ...work for the sake of homework. Some homework I assign on a weekly basis. For example, my kids get 5 spelling words a week that have been taken from their writing. I then put together a spelling contract that has at least 25 choices of activities...hopefully meeting most learning styles. Each choice is assigned a value of 5-10-15-20 points. They are asked to do 60 points during the week.

I also (on student request) put together a syllabus for "Nothing But the Truth" that includes work for each couple of days and explains when literature seminar meets.

In the Everyday Math program there is a study link for each lesson. This is not drill & kill. it usually consists of 5 problems...that are applications or extensions of the lesson

I also want kids to read for about 30 minutes 5 out of 7 nights -- well you get the idea.

I assign homework because most parents expect it..almost demand it. They are so worried about the 6th graders being prepared for leaving. All of our 6th graders have to visit schools and with their parents decide where they will go to 7& 8th grade and then where they will attend high school. BTW, that is a big decision for 6th graders to make and most of them make it fairly independently

I assign homework on weekdays only. I also take some soccer nights off as every child in my class plays soccer.

I go over my homework plans with parents in the beginning of the year and they are also written in the handbook I provide each of my parents. I also put together a resource folder for kids... a grammar guide list commonly misspelled words

I tell parents no child should spend over an hour and a half on homework. Families need time too!

We are starting a series of support workshops for parents and homework is one of those.

Sorry for the long winded answer

Kathy Renfrew

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Here at my school in Little Rock, we 8th grade teachers assign homework and a small percentage of kids will earnestly complete it and turn it in; another small percentage will start it if the teacher allows classroom time for that, might finish it, but never turn it in; another small percentage will begin work in class, but never finish it; the rest (up to half of most classes) will never "do" the homework.

If a teacher weighs homework scores as a significant factor in grades, the latter kids will flunk. The math teacher on my team is in this boat--only about 14 out of about 80 total kids made a score above D in her classes, mostly due to lack of homework. Many of these kids had low test scores as well.

In my own classes, about half of the kids in my pre-AP class had D or F at interim due to their failing to do the routine homework I require--keeping a record of their reading and writing in a Journal. Most of those kids did not do other homework, as well--things like "write a rough draft from the pre-writing we did in class" or "write your final draft from the rough draft we revised in class." The science and social studies teachers on my team had a much lower percentage of D and F, because they rarely assign homework.

Similar statistics occur in the other teams--in classes that require little homework, few kids fail. Expectations for learning seem to be low, however, and test scores (both SAT-9 and criterion referenced) show poor student performance.

Obviously we faculty need to do a couple of things. One, we need to establish a school-wide homework policy and every teacher abide by it. If we can establish that within the school culture it is the norm to do and turn in homework, kids will comply. Two, we need to examine the kind of homework that gets done and the kind that doesn't as well as the reasons we give homework. If we assign homework that kids find interesting and relevant to them, they will be more likely to do it. Maybe we need to do a third thing, too--involve parents in a meaningful way to encourage kids to "do" homework.

I have not been able to interest many other teachers in undertaking this--the special ed teachers understand the need, but others seem to place blame solely on the kids. I think we teachers perpetuate and exacerbate the no-homework problem, though. The only solution they entertain is to assign no homework or give time in class to "do" homework--if the latter is undertaken, seems to me that the work is not homework.....

Beverly Maddox
Little Rock, AR

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Hi everybody. At some point in my teaching career I became disillusioned with the whole concept of "homework" and the word itself. When I was in school myself in the late 50's and early 60's I was able to accomplish most of my school work at school, with a little left over to finish at home.

This is how I conducted my classes - we had an initial learning activity, review, and then application and practice with more review. I would go over the first several problems/sentences, etc. (of their "practice" assignment) as part of the summary at the end of class. Then I would allow the students to finish their classwork at home if it was not completed. The beginning of class review the next day would be to find out if there were still problems and to collect papers for the "daily grade". So, I always told my parents, "We usually do not have homework. In that way, your child has more time to actually finish the classwork we had if he/she didn't get it done in class."

I found that my policy really worked! I finally convinced my partner of 8 years to adopt it as his, and he (a very hard task-master) agreed that it made a world of difference. A change in attitude is sometimes what it takes.

And I would also take daily grades on other things that were ONLY for doing in class, such as group work, etc.

My pat answer to the question, "Do we have any homework?"

"No, no homework. But, did you get your classwork finished? If not, you must finish it at home."

(This is a continuation of my former post - one way I supported my policy.)

Even though some people tout the importance of having all objectives, assignments, and homework on the board BEFORE class begins, I have a different view of this. YES, post the objectives and other important information, such as page numbers, books and materials they need to have ready.

BUT, I am a firm believer that if you post the actual assignments for classwork and (especially) homework, it is a formula for disaster. For example, some (many) students will just work on homework all through the learning experiences instead of participating. I see this all the time when I am observing teachers. For this reason, I never would post the Classwork until I was ready to set them to work on it. I would tell them exactly HOW much of the classwork HAD to be finished by the time I stopped them for the review/summary. What was left was to be done before class the next day.

When the next class would come in, I would have them "trained" not to copy the assignment because it was for the class before. (You never know if this class will accomplish what the class before did.) I would let them know later in the class if it would be for them as well.

Sybil Humphries
South Carolina

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Sybil Humphries wrote: "YES, post the objectives and other important >information, such as page numbers, books and materials they need to have >ready. BUT, I am a firm believer that if you post the actual assignments for >classwork and (especially) homework, it is a formula for disaster."

I agree with this too. Although I don't give homework per se, I do expect students to complete unfinished work at home. I have a lot of special needs students in my classroom who are required by their special teachers to write down everything they do in class with particular emphasis on work they need to complete at home and/or their special classes.

Like you, I found that students were working on assignments in class and not paying attention. I've always found natural consequences to be the best teacher. On one particular day I observed about 5 students busily completing their English exercises during instruction. To avoid disrupting the flow of the lesson, I said nothing. At the end of instruction, I told the class to do only the odd numbered questions. You should have seen the faces of those five students!

Since then I have solved the problem of working ahead on assignments by posting my assignments separately from objectives on a large white board. I simply turn that around to face the wall until the instruction is finished. It's helped a lot.

Linde Crawford

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Since my campus is deeply involved with middle school reform, we are making the transition from the traditional classroom to a standards-based. We had and continue to have numerous training on what a standards-based classroom/instruction looks like. One of the components is homework.

Homework is not to be punitive. I don't give homework. I do expect them to finish any classwork for homework if they do not complete the assignment in class. However, the difference is that when my students come back to class the following day, and they do not have their homework, as some of them do- sometimes many of them, I don't penalize them. Instead I adjust the point value per problem. That way they know ahead of time how many problems they must complete for the desired grade.

This also eliminates punishing those students who are not able to study at home. We must remember, students, like us, have lives after school too. This is our team policy-actually the policy at my school is that homework is not punitive.

Melba Smithwick

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Melba, would you give an example of adjusting the points. Others will probably be interested also. I am very interested in passing this idea on.

Thanks,
Sybil Humphries

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Sybil Humphries wrote: "My pat answer to the question, 'Do we have any homework?' is 'No, no homework. But, did you get your classwork finished? If not, you must finish it at home.'"

I think homework is sometimes used incorrectly by some of the newer teachers. I do feel there is a need for homework, but isn't it better to have the student there in class doing independent work than to have them at home where they have no one on one assistance?

I work at a middle school of 800 students in Corpus Christi, Tx. with what I feel is the perfect schedule for this homework that could be finished in class. We have 72 minute four period classes with a 72 minute conference period...it is great. I begin my 8th grade U.S. History class with 10 minutes of Accelerated Reader time to assist the Language Arts dept.,you have your warmup,focus,direct teaching,guided practice, and still have plenty of time for independent practice. Those who don't finish in class will need to take it home or you may use your warmup to help them on their way to finishing with little hints to find what they were looking for and allow them say 10 to 15 minutes in class to finish the assignment.

This allows immediate feedback because you can go over what ever skill/knowledge they were learning. I can see how this may not work as well for math, but it works great for me in social studies. Those who finish quickly can get enrichment assignments to keep there interest and you don't lose those who are slower.

Rick DeVoe

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To Rick: Hi, and I agree with your practices regarding homework. I too afford the students reading enrichment like you do. It works for math also.

To Sybil: Adjusting the points is probably something, in fact I'm sure you already do this- if the students complete 20 problems, each problem is worth 5 points, however for those who only do 10, then their problems are worth 10 points, and for those who only do 8 problems, theirs are worth 12 points each-rounding to the nearest whole. Get it? Easy right? The best part of this is that the kids understand and accept it. You talk about incentive to do more work! WOW! They are so funny, they actually ask if they may do more then the required numbers. How about that?

You will have those sillies that ask "What if I only do one or two, and get them right?" My answer is: "I expect you to do the required assignment, because my expectations for you are very high. You are expected to give me 100% effort and I will do the same for you. I do teach sixth graders. If that makes any difference. Try it and let me know how it goes.

Melba Smithwick

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I have been observing some diaogue on another Teacher List Serv regarding homework. One teacher compared giving daily homework with the adult workplace. The writer felt that few adult workers bring work home and that our education system of assigning homework was inconsistant with what really happens in the work place. A number of educators responded back, suggesting that such an additude would only breed mediocrity in students and would steer students into the "factory worker" mentality.

With these thoughts in mind, I'd like to propose that the following article be read. It's called "Students Don't Work, They Learn!" Author Alfie Kohn, comments that:

"In factory-like schools, you will often hear words like performance, and achievement, but rarely words like 'discovery', or 'exploration' or 'curiosity'."

The following are my personal thoughts on these ideas: I am not advocating an absence of performance and achievement, but if discovery, exploration and curiosity are sliced from learning we can not expect innovation in the "real world" by the students that we will turn out to solve the future problems and become the mover and shakers of the future.

In "Business World" last week, polled businesses shared that only 5% of their workers operated in the innovative, creative realm. They saw this as a disadvantage and one that needed improvement.

I'd like to suggest that unless you and I create a classroom culture that merges performance, achievement, discovery, exploration and curiosity, the business world will still be sitting with only 5% of their workers offering innovative solutions in shaping the world of the 21st century.

This is no small task for teachers. Some eductors have a natural affinity to one side of this (performance/achievement) or another (discovery, exploration, curiosity). That is where the power of "teaming" comes in -- each of us taking our strengths and collaborating to produce a classroom environment that will eductate the thinking and learning of the whole child.

In my school we call homework, "Homelearning", a title that is consistant with Alfie Kohn's article. This is not just a play on words, its an extension of the school belief that homework should be a continuation of the day's learning. Its not a tack on, its not an everyday expectation, its not a method to get through the curriculum.

Homelearning is usually a pleasurable experience because it is a relevant to the student's world, it is connected to learning, and most important it is an extension of the "love of learning" culture in the classroom.

Heres the URL for Alfie Kohn's article: http://www.edweek.org/ew/vol-17/01kohn.h17

Brenda Dyck

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AFTER SEVERAL WEEKS OF SILENCE ON THIS TOPIC, THE CONVERSATION PICKED UP ONCE AGAIN:

Bill Ivey had this suggestion for a new middle school teacher:


The first thing I do each class period is to zip around the room quickly scanning to see who has done their homework, and checking it off in my grade book as I go. We correct homework together, and then move on to other activities. They like that I am grading homework on effort and allow for mistakes the first night they try any new grammar point or vocabulary unit. I like that they find out within 24 hours of doing their homework which answers came out right and which didn't.

Bill Ivey
Pine Cobble School
Williamstown, MA

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I too used the credit for effort with homework. I have found the students are much more likely to do the homework if they know they will get credit for their effort not just correct answers. How many homework papers do we get that are all wrong and the student gets little or no credit even though it is obvious they spent time doing the assignment? I think this goes back to why are we giving the homework, if the reason is for students to gain experience using a particular skill, then effort should be most important. When it comes to testing the skill, at that time we should give credit for correct answers.

Robbyn LaFollette
Louisville, KY

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Early in my teaching career I worked with and adopted the attitude of many of my mentors that the more homework I gave, the better teacher I was. I had a wonderful mentor who often commented that she herself did several hours of homework. She was one of the most intellectual people I had ever met and I think I adopted the feeling that if all that homework made her so intelligent, it must be good for our kids, too.

And then a funny thing happened---I had children of my own and when my oldest son began kindergarten I discovered what a nightmarish battle homework is from the perspective of the parent. I also resented the fact that time spent on homework (and most of it was simply busy work) intruded on the time I could simply sit and enjoy the company of my children.

Since that time I have assigned minimal homework. The assignments are reinforcements of concepts I've taught in class and are designed to allow the students to have time to spend with their families and simply being kids. I know the parents of my students very much appreciate this--I make them aware that the homework load is very light because of a concious choice I've made to keep it that way, not due to any laziness on my part. And because my homework is relatively simple, I expect students to complete it and turn it in on time.

Satinder Hawkins
Rogers Middle School
Long Beach, CA

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I just thought I'd like to add my two cents to this discussion.

I have adopted a new philosophy of homework and I'm thrilled with the results. Lots of the ideas we explore in class need to be talked through so that it gets embedded in student's minds. I have been asking them to check over their notes at night, rehearse an explanation, and then finding an adult to explain what we learned. The adult asks them questions and they try to have a discussion about our classroom topic.

This has worked wonders for my kids. They are finding out what they know and what they don't know. They put their questions on post-it notes in their journal. Then the next day we discuss all the questions they uncovered they had in the opening of class. Often parents will write a comment in their journal and/or on our classroom website chat note.

I have found this an excellent way to get my parents involved and also informed about what we are doing in class. They send in questions for me to answer and often offer insights, as well. If they have a job that matches up with what we're doing, sometimes they will offer to come in and talk to students about how these skills are used in the real world.

This type of assignment also keeps me in check from offering busy work.

Marsha Ratzel

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Dear Marsha,

Your homework assignments sound intriguing. Do you give them a thought provoking question to discuss and use their notes or do they come up with the questions to discuss with adults at home? What do you teach? Do your students utilize your web site very often? Do they all have internet at home? I teach in a rural county of WV and I think my students are about 30% connected. I'm sure it will go up but salaries are not keeping pace with the rest of the country here. Please share more about your homework assignments. Thanks!

Elaine Matheny

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This sounds great. It would be nice if I could do something like this with my students. Unfortunately, most of our parents do not speak English. The kid would have to explain the lesson to the parent.

Jeff Kash

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Satinder Hawkins wrote:

"Early in my teaching career I worked with and adopted the attitude of many of my mentors that the more homework I gave, the better teacher I was. I had a wonderful mentor who often commented that she herself did several hours of homework."

My sentiments exactly! I teach 6th graders and with 90 minute classes, I too believe they need some time to be kids, play, relax (just like us) and spend quality time with their parents. Would you believe that I have actually had parents call me complaining that their child is not getting any homework? I always reserve a section at the end of the textbook that I use titled "Extra Practice" for just that purpose. I tell my parents that they may assign those pages to their child and they can work them together so that they can see the math their child is learning. This always calms them down.

Melba Smithwick

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Marsha Ratzel wrote:

"I have been asking them to check over their notes at night, rehearse an explanation, and then finding an adult to explain what we learned. The adult asks them questions and they try to have a discussion about our classroom topic."

What Marsha is doing is very brain compatible! This follows many of the basic points that brain research is telling us-that for students to put something in their own words helps them to make connections of their own, that having them rehearse the explanation ("practice makes permanent", according to Pat Wolfe) helps them learn it, and that (oral) language is one of the most important ways to learn and retain information. My daily closer attempts to do the same thing, but I had never thought of having the parents check them, or have the students tell their parents. This is a great idea!

S. Highley

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Marsha Ratzel wrote:

"I have adopted a new philosophy of homework and I'm thrilled with the results. Lots of the ideas we explore in class need to be talked through so that it gets embedded in student's minds. I have been asking them to check over their notes at night, rehearse an explanation, and then finding an adult to explain what we learned. The adult asks them questions and they try to have a discussion about our classroom topic."

This sounds great. It would be nice if I could do something like this with my students. Unfortunately, most of our parents do not speak English. The kid would have to explain the lesson to the parent.

Jeff Kash

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I've been lurking for a couple of days and this is the time to jump in. Jeff this is really most fortunate instead of unfortunate. What better way to have true reflection and reinforcement than to have the whole family sit down and discuss the day's lesson in their native language. At my previous school most (2/3) of the parents did not speak English and this was a method I always suggested. One family I remember had 3 children in our school and they would all sit at the dinner table and do the vocabulary lessons of the kids; it provided good quality time together and the parents learned as much as the children

Sid Tanner
Jr/Sr High Principal
Ingalls KS

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Continuing the discussion....I'm reminded of one of my favorite articles: "17 Reasons Why Football is Better Than High School". One of the reasons is that in football, homework is different than "in class/on the field" work. It usually consists of weight training, running, good diet. All of which supports the skills taught by the coach. Usually in school, the author states, you read the text in school, you read the text at home. You drill on the equations at school, you drill at home. The discussion started around having kids discuss and interview with family what they were taught at school, and doing it in their native languages, is a wonderful take on this.

Stuart

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Diane ( at Gcepela@aol.com) shared these thoughts:

I agree that homework is a necessary ingredient of a child's day. I too collapse at 9:30 - many time having done over 2 hours of homework - none of it mine. My four are 14, 12, 10 and 9 and my 9 year old requires twice as much time as th eother three combined. I often say he has made me honest about my parenting (and educating) skills. But I also approach homework differently. I offer the weeks homework on Monday - I clarify that it may alter slightly if we get off schedule but that the students will not be punished if they do my anticipated assignments ahead and then the class is off schedule. I give homework for the weekends only if they can get it done in class on Friday - never test on Mondays. This being said there are still times when I look at even the most worthwhile homework assignment as encroaching on our family time. I think we need to realize that we live in the first time in history where our children can learn more outside of school than in. Ouch.

Diane


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