WORKING TOGETHER
Harnessing Community Resources
to Improve Middle Schools



GOOD FOR SCHOOLS, GOOD FOR THE COMMUNITY

Every community is different. School systems are different from one another, but the contrasts that distinguish one community from the next are even greater. The differences that define communities--demographic, economic, geographic, historic--dictate that coalitions to support middle schools will take different forms and have different goals.

There is no one best way to structure such a coalition, as the composition of successful coalitions proves. In Long Beach, for example, the coalition has a fairly small membership, drawn mainly from the school district and local colleges and universities. In Louisville, where much of the original motivation for the coalition came from city government and social service providers, the group is larger and more diverse.

Most towns, cities, or counties have some distinctive strengths to draw on in establishing a coalition. Colleges and other institutions of higher education have a direct interest in the quality of local schools, and their faculty and staff have expertise that makes them valuable members of a coalition. Social service providers share with the schools a commitment to children and families and a recognition of the challenges institutions face in maintaining morale and professionalism. Some schools are already getting strong support from well-organized, sophisticated parents' organizations -- but even where these don't exist, caring parents do. Business people are everywhere, and a majority of them are well aware that the health of business and the health of the community are vitally interconnected. Together, people from each of these groups can contribute to a middle school coalition.

Who belongs in a community coalition?

-- Public and nonprofit service providers
-- Business partners
-- Civic and government leaders
-- Parent leaders
-- School board members
-- School administrators and teachers
-- Professionals in health, law, and other fields
-- Scholars in education and youth development
-- Police and safety officers
-- Clergy

Intelligent innovation is a good thing. In every school, committed and innovative people are working hard every day. Some are lucky enough to be working in systems that are already firmly committed to necessary reform and high student achievement. It is important to remember, though, that even systems that have not embraced a process of improvement still harbor exemplary educators. A coalition can help give them the leverage they need to transform their schools.

A community coalition for middle school reform can accomplish a number of things a school cannot accomplish on its own. Most important perhaps is the coalition's ability to demonstrate to people inside the schools that innovation is visible and valued. When educators realize that they are not operating in a closed universe--that other people are watching and seem to care--all kinds of things begin to happen.

"Our principals are very dedicated to the middle school concept. There's a bond between them, which spills over to the teachers and parents in every school."

--Sandy McCall, Professional Development Specialist
Jackson Public Schools, Jackson, Mississippi
and Past President, Mississippi Parent-Teacher Associations

Paying attention to balance. People with a fresh viewpoint tend to ask more questions than insiders do, and they're also less defensive about facing up to honest answers. A coalition can help a school system look squarely at patterns of inequity--by school, by neighborhood, by type of student--and develop strategies for addressing them that call on resources beyond those of the schools alone. Similarly, a coalition can help mobilize the school system in support of broader goals, such as economic development, crime control, or community service.

Simply by focusing on middle schools, a coalition takes an important step toward redressing one of the most common and short-sighted imbalances in American society: the historic neglect of the education of young adolescents. When middle school staff members feel ignored (and in most school systems, they do), their energy and commitment are eventually compromised. Visible signs of community interest are especially important for staff, parents, and children in schools where poverty, overcrowding, low student achievement, or other problems have already created a sense of being left out.

Community support multiplies the capacity of the schools. Public education depends on community support, both implicit and explicit. By revitalizing that support and channeling it toward a specific goal--middle school reform--a coalition strengthens the entire system, from kindergarten through high school.

"I have two children in middle school, one in sixth grade and one in eighth. It helps them to see me involved with our council. They see that and say, 'My mother really cares.' "

--Roxane Moncure, Parent Representative
Council on Reform and Excellence, Jackson, Mississippi

A coalition can build educational capacity by encouraging coordination and a sense of shared mission among all middle schools in the community. Middle schools with high standards challenge elementary schools to do better for all children, while also ensuring that students arrive in high school ready to make choices and prepare themselves for further education or work. When middle schools raise the hurdles (by teaching algebra, for example), the rest of the system is forced to respond.

Middle schools can also lead the way to broader reforms simply by opening their doors to input from the community in a visible way. When Louisville's middle schools began implementing a program to make themselves more "customer-friendly" to parents and members of the community, the entire system took notice. Principal Fred Harbison, whose school was the first to meet the new "friendliness" standards, has articulated an important reminder for every public school: "We don't own the schools; the public does."

"Let's face it. Secretaries set the tone for the school. If people aren't welcomed when they first enter the school, they have a difficult time feeling good about the school."

--Susan Shortt, Coordinator, Middle School Coalition
Jefferson County Public Schools, Louisville, Kentucky

A strong, well-defined initiative captures the attention of middle school parents, giving them a reason to become involved. This produces benefits not only for the children of active parents, but for their classmates as well.

Building community capacity. Although their concern may need to be awakened and directed, most people do care deeply about education. People in business, for example, are well acquainted with the idea that they ought to be contributing to their community. They realize that schools are training their future workforce, that the economic health of their region depends on a strong educational system, that schools can benefit from exposure to private sector attitudes and procedures. But how, exactly, can they get involved? Where is the starting point? A coalition can provide structure for some early steps, which in turn can make later steps easier to imagine and take.

Working together on behalf of middle school reform builds a store of skills, knowledge, interest, and good will among participants, thus making a community better able to mobilize in the face of future problems. When the Jackson, Mississippi, school system was forced to hire its third new superintendent in five years, the local middle school coalition was prepared to step in and help measure candidates' educational credentials against the needs of the district in a systematic way. Their booklet, "Toward Excellence in Jackson's Middle Schools," articulated goals for students, schools, and the district as a whole and set high standards for the selection process.

"It's easy to think, 'We're business. We're perfect. You teachers, you're not doing your job.' But when we're working closely in partnership with teachers, we see what the challenges really are. It's important to remember that we're all citizens of this community."

--Cindy Read, Education Program Coordinator
United Parcel Service, Louisville, Kentucky


"Did we start our coalition because we thought our middle schools were in trouble? Not really. But as social service providers, some of us did see that many of our high-risk kids were having difficulties in school. The coalition has improved the situation for the kids we serve and for their families. It has helped us see the whole picture a lot more clearly."

--Lynn Rippy, Director, Youth Services
Department of Community Services, Louisville, Kentucky

Participating in a coalition helps members understand the work educators do each day and the challenges they face over the long term. They learn to see their community's strengths much more clearly, while also recognizing areas where better information, stronger services, or higher standards of performance are needed.

Getting involved in middle school reform puts a community in the midst of an exciting national initiative. A network of forward-looking teachers, scholars, and other practitioners is developing, supported by conferences, workshops, articles, the Internet, and other media. Being part of these important changes can become a source of pride for everyone.


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from WORKING TOGETHER: Harnessing Community Resources to Improve Middle Schools. By Anne Mackinnon. Published in 1997 by the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation.